Mr. Kohli is CIO. He is responsible for overall strategy and positioning of Putnam’s fixed income products. In addition, he is a portfolio manager for Putnam's institutional strategies, including the Fixed Income Global Alpha strategies. Mr. Kohli specializes in global rates and currencies and oversees the Portfolio Construction group, which draws on the security-specific expertise of sector specialist teams within Fixed Income. He is also a member of Putnam's Operating Committee. Mr. Kohli joined Putnam in 1994 and has been in the investment industry since 1988.

Mr. Scanlon is a Co-Head of Fixed Income, specializing in global credit and tax-exempt strategies. He is responsible for managing all facets of the corporate credit investment process and overseeing Putnam's taxexempt team. In addition, he is accountable for the research, trading, and creation of stand-alone corporate credit portfolios as well as a number of multi-sector strategies. Mr. Scanlon joined Putnam in 1999 and has been in the investment industry since 1986. Paul is a CFA charterholder.

Mr. Atkin is a Portfolio Manager in the Global Fixed Income group. He is responsible for managing coreglobal fixed income, emerging-market debt, fixed income global alpha, and global government strategies. In addition, he leads the macroeconomic discussions as part of the Portfolio Construction group and manages a team of analysts who evaluate government securities in G7 countries and emerging markets. Mr. Atkin joined Putnam in 1997 and has been in the investment industry since 1988.

Mr. Salm is a Co-Head of Fixed Income, specializing in liquid markets and securitized strategies. In this role, he oversees investment strategies related to mortgage and securitized products, interest-rate and volatility derivatives, and money markets. In addition, he manages trading operations and Putnam's Fixed Income quantitative teams. He is a portfolio manager of core global, core plus, global government, fixed income global alpha, and dedicated mortgage strategies, as well as fixed income hedge funds. Mr. Salm joined Putnam in 1997 and has been in the investment industry since 1989. Previously at Putnam, he served as a Portfolio Manager responsible for mortgage strategies in fixed income portfolios. Prior to joining Putnam, Mr. Salm was a Mortgage Specialist at BlackRock Financal Management from 1996 to 1997, a Vice President and Trader at Nomura Securities from 1994 to 1996, a Vice President and Structurer at Nikko Securities from 1993 to 1994, and an Analyst at Fitch Investor Services from 1991 to 1992. Mr. Salm earned a B.S. from Cornell University.

Mr. Kozlowski is a Portfolio Manager in the Fixed Income Structured Credit group. He is responsible for developing investment strategies within securitized sectors, including agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS); non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS); commercial mortgage-backed securities (CMBS); and asset-backed securities. In addition, he is a Portfolio Manager of Putnam Income Fund and assists in the management of several institutional client portfolios. He joined Putnam in 2008 and has been in the investment industry since 1997. Prior to joining Putnam, Mr. Kozlowski held roles of increasing responsibility at Fidelity Investmentsincluding Portfolio Manager from 2008 to 2006; Research Analyst from 2006 to 2003; Trader from 2001 to 2003; Portfolio Analyst from 2000 to 2001; and Research Associate from 1997 to 2000. He earned a B.S. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Mr. Davis is a Portfolio Manager on the Putnam Global Fixed Income team. In this role, he specializes in modeling and analysis of developed and emerging-market currencies. He analyzes market and macroeconomic data, creates quantitative models, and takes global macro and relative value positions within foreign exchange markets. Additionally, he oversees the portfolio construction process for the institutional and retail accounts managed by the Currency team. Mr. Davis has been in the investment industry since he joined Putnam in 1999.